Bzip2

bzip2 is a free and open source lossless data compression algorithm and program developed by Julian Seward. Seward made the first public release of bzip2, version 0.15, in July 1996. The compressor's stability and popularity grew over the next several years, and Seward released version 1.0 in late 2000.

bzip does not archive a file, it merely compresses an archived format like tar.